Concrete Spalling
Concrete spalling is the breaking of the concrete surface that usually extends to the highest layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls might be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25 mm or more in depth and the …
Foundation in Construction
The foundation is the lowest a part of the structure below the ground level that gives a base for the building. It receives loads of the building and transfers it safely to the lower soil strata without …
weep holes
A weep, weep holes or a weep brick is a small opening that enables water to drain from an assembly. The weeps are located on the bottom of the object to permit the drainage, these holes should …
Strap Footing or Cantilever Footing
The Cantilever or strap footing is used to connect an eccentrically loading column to inside a column. The strap is used to transmit the moment caused by an eccentricity to the interior columnar foot so that a …
Dog Legged Staircase
Dog legged staircase is the most economical staircase, these stairs are arranged with two adjacent flights running parallel with the mid-landing. They are usually provided where there is less space, causing in economical use of available space. …
