Groynes are narrow, shore-perpendicular hard formations that retain a part of the sediment that would otherwise be moved alongshore, interrupting longshore sediment flow. It contribute to constructing and stabilizing the beach ecosystem by doing …
Bitumen road feature a surface composed of bituminous mixtures commonly referred as asphalt. It is a thick, sticky liquid made from natural resources like crude petroleum. Bitumen is employed in road building because of …
Straw bale construction is a building technique that employs straw bales (often wheat, rice, rye, and oat straw) as engineering structures, architectural insulation, or even both. This technique of construction is frequently employed in …
A brick ledge is a reinforced concrete bearing that is a widely used construction component. It can withstand up to 100 kg per square meter of weight and finished materials including bricks, stones, and …
A caisson foundation is watertight structure that can be spherical, rectangular, etc. It is often used in the construction of bridge piers and other structures that require foundation under rivers as well as other …