Plinth Protection
Plinth protection is provided to prevent water infiltration into the soil and reaches the plinth wall and floor level by capillary action resulting in dampness, acting as a barrier and blocks water’s direct entry …
Process
Concrete Spalling
Spalling concrete is a common problem, where part of the surface peels, breaks, or chips away, also known as scaling, as a result of a weakened surface that is susceptible to damage to the …
Grouting
Grouting is the process of injecting materials into cavities or cracks in concrete, masonry structures, rock-mass, subsurface soil, or rock to increase the structure’s load-bearing capacity, and the material used for this objective is …
Contour Interval
A contour interval is a vertical distance or a difference in elevation between contour lines in a topographic map, index contour lines are bold or thick lines that appear on every fifth contour line …
Chain Surveying
Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which linear measurements are made in the field, usually suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat, …
