Concrete Spalling
Concrete spalling is the breaking of the concrete surface that usually extends to the highest layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls might be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25 mm or more in depth and the …
Process
Grouting
Grouting is the process for ground improvement that is achieved by injecting a fluid-like material into subsurface soil or rock. Grouting is the specifically prepared cement under pressure to form a stable suspension or liquid into pores, …
Contour Interval
A contour interval is a vertical distance or a difference in elevation between two contour lines in a topographic map. Usually, there are totally different contour intervals for various maps. For the plotting of region, the contour …
Chain Surveying
Chain surveying is the simplest method of detail survey in which only linear measurements are taken in the field. In this method, the length of the lines marked on the field is measured, while the details from …
Carpet Area Built Up Area and Super Built Up Area
Carpet area, built up area and super built up area are the various terms used in the real estate market to denote the area being bought / sold. The difference between these 3 areas is important because …
